Modeling free-flow speed according to different water depths—From the viewpoint of dynamic hydraulic pressure

In this paper, we propose a method of modeling free flow speed from the viewpoint of hydroplaning. First, the lift forces for different water depths were estimated using Bernoulli’s equation. Compared with the result of the experimental test performed by the Japan Automobile Research Institute, the hydrodynamic pressure coefficient was determined to be 0.03 (tf s²/m⁴). The validation of the predicted lift force is found in another published paper. A very good match is found between the computed values by the proposed numerical model and the data in other published papers. Then, the loss of contact force is considered to evaluate the hydroplaning performance of a tire. To simulate the hydroplaning speed, a tire-sliding model was utilized to obtain the traction and friction forces between the road surface and the tire. The observation data obtained in Japan in 2009 is compared with the physically computed hydroplaning speed, yielding the conclusion that the traction force at the measured desired speed is, on average, 23.4% of the traction force at hydroplaning speed. The analytical model offers a useful tool to quantitatively show that the free flow speed changes as the water depth increase.     

Determination of limiting cavity depths for offshore spudcan foundations in a spatially varying seabed

The importance of accurate prediction of limiting cavity depths during offshore spudcan foundations installation has been variously highlighted in the literature. Nonetheless, most of the previous research is deterministic in nature and confined to homogenous soils. Since offshore clayey soils can be highly spatially variable, there is a practical need to take proper account of the spatial variability in the prediction of limiting cavity depths. In a bid to remedy this situation, large deformation finite element calculations combined with three-dimensional random fields were repeatedly conducted in this study within a Monte-Carlo framework. The continuous penetration of a spudcan initiated from surface was explicitly modeled until a full-localized flow-around mechanism was observed. Spatial variability was found to clearly affect the soil back-flow and thereby the limiting cavity depth, the latter of which takes a range of values that can be approximately modeled as a log-normal distribution. Characteristic limiting cavity depths at various probability levels were ascertained. An algebraic expression was proposed to explicitly predict the characteristic limiting cavity depths in random soils from the fractile. Particular attention was paid to the lower and upper 5% characteristic values, which are likely to be useful for reliability-based design.     

海上风电大直径单桩基础固有频率影响因素的数值分析

针对海上风电整机结构其低阶固有频率的控制问题,基于有限元分析技术开展小直径桩土相互作用的数值模拟分析,与试验结果、API规范计算结果进行对比,验证了数值模型的适用性,分析大直径单桩结构桩内土芯、冲刷深度、表层土置换措施对整机固有频率的影响,结果表明,基于有限元实体单元计算所得一、二阶整机固有频率要明显大于传统p-y方法计算结果;桩内土芯对一、二阶整机固有频率影响很小;在一定范围内,随着泥面冲刷深度的增加,一、二阶固有频率降低不明显,认为传统p-y方法对于大直径单桩的适用性有待研究;在实际工程设计中,桩内土芯的影响可忽略;对于大直径单桩,在一定范围内可以忽略冲刷的影响。     

一种新型尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统可行性研究

作为一种新型的尾滑道式船载小艇收放系统,在回收小艇时,小艇需要以一定的航速冲上尾滑道。回收能否成功除了受制于驾驶员操作水平等主观因素,还与滑道的涉水深度、小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应等客观条件有关。本文利用切片理论计算了小艇与母船尾滑道的运动响应,并对3级及4级海况下回收小艇的可行性进行了分析。     

鱼雷定深航行稳定性的分叉分析

鱼雷定深运动方程含有诸多的非线性项，用传统的分析方法对其稳定性进行研究有较大难度。运用非线性科学中的分叉理论，选定鱼雷定深运动方程中的某一流体动力系数扰动值为分叉参数，系统地分析在经典比例微分深度控制系统作用下，鱼雷在退化平衡点处的航行稳定性。利用中心流形定理，推导出系统状态变量解析表达式，对系统 Hopf分叉进行分析，并进行仿真验证。结果表明，流体动力系数变化使定深航行产生 Hopf分叉，并给出了确保鱼雷稳定航行的流体动力参数取值范围。     

旁海枢纽工程船闸输水系统布置及试验研究

高水头船闸常采用第二类输水系统以满足船闸闸室内水流条件的要求,但往往工程量大、施工复杂。根据船闸闸址处地形、地质条件,抬高闸底奠基高程以达到降低工程量并简化施工的目的,并在采取一定消能手段后,采用闸墙长廊道侧支孔输水形式。通过物理模型,对旁海航电枢纽输水系统进行布置及优化,证实采取加大闸室初始淹没水深、闸室两侧出水口加设连续消力坎、优化进出水口布置及进水口布置帷墙等措施可达到预期效果。     

光面爆破技术在城市地铁隧道施工中的应用

文章从光面爆破机理、光面爆破技术中各主要参数的确定,以及光面爆破在实际工程中的应用几个方面出发,以深圳地铁安-侨区间隧道硬岩段施工为例,研究分析了如何利用光面爆破技术来提高城市地铁浅埋暗挖法的光爆效果,特别是近距离穿越重要建(构)筑物时如何有效进行光面爆破。     

桩基施工中的坍孔原因与预防措施

对在一般河流上钻(冲)孔过程中出现坍孔原因进行分析,并提出了坍孔预防措施.     

珠三角地区航道水深和码头水域水深的探讨

根据我国港口航道技术规范,珠三角地区的航道水深、码头泊位水深不能满足公布的通航船舶要求,建议加大水深尺度、强调通航水深,对于利用高潮位靠泊的码头,要进行技术论证,采取相应措施．     

大比降卵砾石河流防护结构的冲刷深度研究

大比降卵砾石河流河床形态及水流条件特殊,治理难度相当大。当遇到较大的洪水时,堤防工程、公路等临河设施常发生水毁,而关于此类河流的研究成果较少。针对大比降卵砾石河流河床宽浅、滩槽不分、比降和流速大、枯水期水流分散易形成股流冲刷的特点,布置了不同床沙组成、冲刷角度、河床比降及流量的概化模型试验。通过对81组室内试验资料进行单因素分析,得知冲刷深度(Hp)与单宽流量(q)、河道比降(J)、冲刷角度(θ)成正比,与河床质颗粒组成(D)成反比。采用量纲分析法和多元回归分析法得到了冲刷深度的计算表达式。